Various procedures are performed to manage these conditions, including:

• Exploratory laparotomy – an open surgical procedure to examine abdominal organs and diagnose or treat underlying conditions.
• Laparoscopy surgeries – minimally invasive procedures using small incisions to treat abdominal conditions with faster recovery.
• Gastrointestinal perforation – surgical repair of holes in the stomach or intestines to prevent infection and complications.
• Gastric volvulus – correction of abnormal twisting of the stomach that can obstruct food passage.
• Malrotation of gut – surgery to correct improper positioning of the intestines present since birth.
• Intestinal atresia – repair of a blocked or missing portion of the intestine in newborns.
• Intestinal obstruction – treatment to remove blockages in the intestines and restore normal flow.
• Appendicectomy – surgical removal of the appendix, usually due to infection.
• Abdominal lymph node biopsy – removal of lymph nodes from the abdomen for diagnostic evaluation.
• Feeding gastrostomy – placement of a feeding tube directly into the stomach for children unable to eat normally.
• Jejunostomy – insertion of a feeding tube into the small intestine for nutritional support.
• Fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) – surgery to prevent acid reflux and improve digestion.
• Intra-abdominal cysts and tumours – removal of abnormal growths within the abdominal cavity.
• Stoma creation and closure – procedures to create or close an opening for waste elimination.
• Anorectal malformations – correction of congenital defects affecting the anus and rectum.
• Imperforate anus – surgical creation or repair of the anal opening present at birth.
• Cloaca surgeries – complex reconstruction for congenital conditions where urinary, genital, and digestive tracts are combined.
• Hirschsprung disease – removal of the affected portion of the intestine lacking nerve cells.
• Abdominal and retro-peritoneal tumors – surgical treatment of tumors located in the abdomen or behind it.